Assuming an alias is not necessarily an illegal act in itself according to the laws of many countries. A person can use an alternative name under many circumstances, as long as the purpose is not specifically illegal or intended to defraud others. A number of people assume aliases while participating in online chat rooms or discussion forums, for instance. This practice allows participants a certain amount of anonymity, but there is rarely any intention to deceive other people or assume the identity of a real person. The use of an alias in a public setting is more likely to be a personal safety issue rather than a criminal act. A single woman may use an alias in order to thwart would-be stalkers or unwanted attention, for instance.
Using an alias in order to commit fraud or other criminal acts, however, is definitely illegal. A con artist may use several aliases in order to set up a fly-by-night business or open several different banking accounts. If one victim can identify the con artist by name, he or she can always assume an alternative identity and leave the area quickly. Many criminals have been brought to justice because they habitually use the same aliases, or they may use their legal names to obtain goods and services while hiding from authorities. Sometimes a routine check of an employee's social security number will reveal the illegal use of an alias.
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